Free Guide To The Best Fine Motor Activities for Children

Fine motor skills are movements that involve the small muscles of the body, typically the fingers and hands. These movements are essential for day-to-day tasks that most of us don’t give a second thought. For kids, fine motor skills play a part in learning how to write their name, do arts and crafts, manage their backpack, feed themselves, get dressed in the morning, and much more.

As you can see, fine motor skills are critical to a child’s performance in school as well as their ability to take care of themselves independently. We know how important both of these are in those formative years.

In recognition of how critical these skills are, we compiled this extensive blog that is chock-full of therapist-approved fine motor activities to enhance your child’s development. In this article, we’ll explain what fine motor skills are and detail a range of fun fine motor activities for kids that can help strengthen these skills.

Key Take-Away Messages

What are some fine motor activities for children with Autism and ADHD?

Children with Autism and ADHD often have difficulties with their fine motor skills [1, 2]. The good news is that there are plenty of activities that can help them improve these skills.  We’ve included a comprehensive list of equipment-free activities, as well as a short list of fun activities for kids using items like bubbles, Lego®, and beads. Here’s a selection of equipment-free activities: Rock, paper, scissors Rhythm patterns Thumb stretch Finger wiggles Itsy Bitsy Spider Miss Mary Mack

These exercises are a great addition to the Soundsory® program, a 40-day program of movement to music, which is designed to boost multiple aspects of your child’s neurodevelopment.

What are fine motor activities?

Fine motor activities are any movements or exercises that make use of your fine motor skills. Fine motor skills are the coordination and movement of the small muscles in your body, particularly your fingers and hands. 

Most children develop these skills naturally through play and daily activities. But for some children, fine motor activities can be more challenging. There’s plenty of research to show that children with Autism and ADHD often struggle with fine motor skills. For these children, it’s a good idea to include fine motor activities in their therapy program [1, 2]:

• Popping bubbles
• Playing with Legos
• Making jewelry with beads
• Making origami shapes
• Making something out of dough, like cookies or pizza

A note of caution: do not use small objects that could be a choking hazard if your child tends to put objects in their mouth.

What are 5 examples of fine motor skills?

We all use fine motor skills regularly throughout the day. Here are a few examples of fine motor skills that we use every day:

• Handwriting
• Brushing your teeth
• Zipping and unzipping your jacket
• typing on a computer
• Cutting with scissors

What is Handwriting Without Tears®?

For children who struggle with fine motor skills, certain activities can be more difficult. These include moving objects with their fingertips, using scissors, learning to tie their shoelaces, and using pens or pencils. For this reason, handwriting can be particularly challenging for children who need help with their fine motor skills. 
Handwriting Without Tears® is a program developed by Occupational Therapists. It’s specifically designed to help children from Pre-K–5 develop their fine motor, vocabulary and alphabet knowledge to help with writing letters. This program activates the tactile system when forming the letters.  It uses the wet, dry, try approach as well as building letters using manipulatives. This program would make a great complementary therapy to the Soundsory® program.

What are the best “no equipment necessary” fine motor activities for kids?

Fine motor exercises are mixed in throughout the Soundsory® program.  However, they could also be used as a good warm-up prior to coloring, homework, writing work, or even as a break from computer work. 

In this guide, we’ll present what we consider to be the best equipment-free exercises for fine motor development. For most of our exercises, we’ve included three different versions of the exercises. These include: 

1. An original version, which is ideally how the exercises should be completed. 
2. A modified version for children who find motor skills a bit more challenging.  
3. A simplified version for children who struggle with more complex motor skills and directions. 

The original and modified versions go through instructions for you to guide your child through the exercise, and the simplified version has instructions for you to follow so you can support your child.

1. Itsy bitsy spider

Original: Move your fingers like the ‘itsy bitsy’ game. The thumb of your right hand touches the pointer of your left hand while the thumb of your left hand touches the pointer of your right hand, then walk fingers up, always making sure to have one thumb and pointer finger touching while you move the other two. Do this to a count of 10 or along with the song.

Modified: Move your fingers to the position of the ‘itsy bitsy’ game. The thumb of your right hand touches the pointer of your left hand. Hold this position for a count of 5, then flip your fingers. Do this to a count of 10 or along with the song.

Simplified: Move your fingers to the position of the “itsy bitsy’ game and hold for a count of 10. Then drop your hands and repeat the position. Try doing this 10 times.

2. Piano exercises (finger lift)

Original: Place both hands with palms down on the table. At the same time, lift both thumbs and then place down on the table, then lift both pointer fingers and place down, both middle fingers and place down, both ring fingers and place down, both pinkies and place down, pause, and then move backwards lifting both pinkies, then ring, then middle, then pointer, and then thumb. Try this 10 times.

Modified: Place both hands with palms down on the table. With just your right hand, lift your thumb and then place it down on the table, then lift your pointer finger and place it down, middle finger and place it down, ring finger and place it down, pinky and place it down, pause, and then move backwards lifting your pinky, then ring, then middle, then pointer, and then thumb. Try this 10 times with the right hand, then 10 times with the left hand. 

Simplified: Place both hands with palms down on the table. Keeping your right hand on the table, take your left hand and lift the thumb of the right hand and then place down on the table, then lift your right pointer finger and place down, then middle finger and place down, ring finger and place down, pinky and place down. Pause, then move backwards, lifting your pinky, then your ring, then your middle, then your pointer, then your thumb. Try this 10 times. Then repeat with the left hand on the table and the right hand helping lift the left hand fingers in the pattern above.  

3. Finger crosses

Original: With both palms pressed together and your fingers straight, cross your pointer fingers together front and back, and then bring them to neutral. Then repeat the same thing with your middle fingers, front and back, your ring fingers, and your pinkies. Repeat this 10 times.

Modified: With both palms pressed together and your fingers straight out, cross your pointer fingers together to the back and then bring them to neutral. Repeat with your middle, ring, and pinkies. Try this 10 times. 

Simplified: With your palms pressed together, cross all fingers together and hold for a count of 10. 

4. Scissor fingers

Original: Start with your right hand up in the air and all your fingers together. Spread your pointer and pinky finger wide simultaneously, then bring them back together. Then spread your pointer and middle finger while at the same time spreading your ring and pinky finger. Do this with your right hand then repeat with your left hand, 10 times each.

Modified: With your right hand in the air and your fingers together, try to separate your pointer and middle fingers from your ring and pinky. Repeat this open and closed pattern 10 times with the right hand, and then repeat this with the left hand.

Simplified: With your right hand up in the air and your fingers together, try to separate your pointer and middle finger from your ring and pinky. Hold this position for a count of 10. Then try to hold the position with your left hand for a count of 10.

5. Open shut hands

Original: This is a warm-up for fine motor exercises. With both hands out in front of you, open your hand with your fingers extended and spread, then close your hand into a fist. Repeat this open and close pattern 10 times at a brisk pace.

Modified: This is a warm-up for fine motor exercises. With your hand out in front of you, open your hand with your fingers extended and spread, then close your hand into a fist. Repeat this open and close pattern 10 times at a brisk pace. Then repeat with the opposite hand 10 times. 

Simplified: This is a warm-up for fine motor exercises. With your right hand out in front of you, open your hand with your fingers extended and spread for a count of 5, then close your hand into a fist for a count of 5 and pause. Repeat this slow open-close pattern 10 times with your right hand and 10 times with your left hand. 

6. Stretch your wrists and fingers

Original: With your right hand up and your fingers extended up, push gently back on your fingers to extend your wrist. Then bend your fingers and push the bent fingers gently to flex your wrists. Hold for 10 seconds, then repeat with the opposite hand. Hold for 10 seconds each time.

Modified: Due to the basic nature of this fine motor activity, there is no modification. If you still prefer having a modification, you can go through these stretches for a count of 5 seconds to start and then work your way up to 10 seconds.

Simplified: Guide your child through these movements. 

7. Palms together and push

Original: This is another warm-up or regroup option. Place both hands with palms together and fingers up straight in front of you, and try to push your hands together, keeping your elbows up and parallel with the floor. Try to hold for 10 seconds.

Modified: This is another warm-up or regroup option. Place both hands with your fingers interlocked in front of you and try to push your hands together, keeping your elbows up and parallel to the floor. Try to hold for 10 seconds.

Simplified: This is another warm-up or regroup option. Place both hands with your fingers interlocked in front of you, and try to push your hands together, keeping your elbows resting on the table for support. Try to hold for 10 seconds.

8. Rock, paper, scissors

Original: Like the kids’ game, move through the movements of rock, paper, scissors with your right and left hands at the same time.‘Rock’ is a fist, ‘paper’ is your hand extended straight out, and ‘scissors’ is your thumb folded along your pinky and ring finger, with your index and middle finger in the shape of scissors. Move through this pattern 10 times.

Modified: Like the kids’ game, move through the movements of rock, paper, scissors with your right hand 10 times and then with your left hand 10 times. ‘Rock’ is a fist, ‘paper’ is your hand extended straight out, and ‘scissors’ is your thumb folded along your pinky and ring finger, with your index and middle finger in the shape of scissors.

Simplified: Like the kids’ game, move through the movements of rock, paper, and scissors with your right hand. Then try the same thing with your left hand. ‘Rock’ is a fist, ‘paper’ is your hand extended straight out. Move through this pattern 10 times on each hand.

9. Pretend to cut

Original: Hold your pointer and middle finger out with your thumb flexed over your ring finger and pinky to simulate scissors. Do this with both left and right hands at the same time. 

Modified. Hold your right pointer and middle finger out with your thumb flexed over your ring finger and pinky to simulate scissors. Do this 10 times and then repeat with your left hand. 

Simplified: Hold your right pointer and middle finger out with your thumb flexed over your ring finger and pinky to simulate scissors. Hold this position for a count of 10 and then try with your opposite hand for a count of 10. You do not have to open and close your fingers. 

10. Miss Mary Mack

Original: Cross your arms, pat your legs, clap your hands. Repeat this pattern at a brisk pace 10 times. 

Modified. Cross your arms and pat your legs at a brisk pace 10 times. 

Simplified: Cross your arms and hold, then release. Try to repeat this slow pattern 10 times. 

11. Finger spread

Original: Place both your hands face down on the table or floor. Spread your fingers open wide and then move them back in together. Repeat this 10 times. 

Modified: Place both your hands face down on the table or floor. Spread the fingers of your right hand open wide and then move them back together. Repeat 10 times. Then try with your left hand 10 times. 

Simplified: Place both your hands face down on the table or floor. Spread the fingers of your right hand open wide and hold for a count of 5, then release. Try this 10 times with your right hand and then 10 times with your left hand. 

12. Finger to thumb

Original: With both hands in the air, take your thumb and touch your pointer finger as if you were making the ok sign. Then touch thumb to middle finger, thumb to ring finger, and then thumb to pinky. Pause and then move from pinky to ring to middle to pointer. Try this 10 times.

Modified: With your right hand in the air, take your thumb and touch your pointer finger as if you were making the ok sign. Then touch thumb to middle finger, thumb to ring finger, and then thumb to pinky. Then try the same thing with your left hand. Try this 10 times with each hand.

Simplified: With your right hand in the air, make the ok sign with your thumb touching your pointer finger and hold for a count of 10. Then repeat this position with your left hand and hold for a count of 10. 

13. Finger roll

Original: Place your hand flat on the table. Bend your fingers slightly so that your wrist is just off the table, but your fingertips are still touching it. Starting with your thumb, quickly tap each finger one at a time on the table. Repeat for a total of 10 times with a focus on making your motions smooth as you go through each one.

Modified: Place your hand flat on the table. Bend your fingers slightly so that your wrist is just off the table, but your fingertips are still touching it. Starting with your thumb, slowly tap each finger one at a time on the table. Repeat for a total of 10 times.

Simplified: Place your hand flat on the table. Bend your fingers slightly so that your wrist is just off the table, but your fingertips are still touching it. Starting with your thumb, slowly tap each finger two times on the table. Repeat for a total of 10 times.

14. Finger mirroring

Original: With both hands on the ground, simultaneously lift your pinky on your right hand and your thumb on your left hand. Then lift your ring finger on your right hand and pointer on your left hand, then both middle fingers. Then lift your pointer finger on your right hand, your ring finger on your left hand, your thumb on your right hand, and your pinky on your left hand. Repeat the same sequence, starting with the opposite hand.

Modified: With both hands on the ground, table, or wall, lift your pinky on your right hand and then your thumb on your left hand. Then lift your ring finger on your right hand and pointer on your left hand, then lift your middle finger on your right hand, and then the middle finger on your left hand. Then lift your pointer finger on your right hand, your ring finger on your left hand, your thumb on your right hand, and your pinky finger on your left hand. Repeat the same sequence, starting with the opposite hand.

Simplified: The adult stands behind the child, who has both hands on the table. The adult then taps the thumb of the right finger and waits for the child to lift the thumb, then taps the pinky on the left hand and waits for the child to lift, then the pointer on the right hand, ring on the left, middle on right hand middle on the left hand, ring finger on right, the pointer on the left, then thumb on right and pinky on the left. 

15. Clap

Original: With your hands together, clap your hands in a circle clockwise in front of you, and then counterclockwise. 

Modified: With your hands together, clap your hands side to side, left to right. Try this 10 times.

Simplified: With your hands together in front of you, clap 10 times. 

16. Snap

Original: Using your thumb and middle finger, snap your fingers together. Repeat 10 times simultaneously with your right hand and left hand. 

Modified: Using your thumb and middle finger, snap your fingers together. Repeat 10 times with your right hand and then 10 times with your left hand.

Simplified: Place your right thumb and middle finger together as if to snap. Hold for a count of 10. Then repeat with your left thumb and middle finger, and hold for a count of 10. 

17. Rhythm patterns 

Original: With an alternating pattern, clap 3 times and then snap 3 times, repeat this alternating pattern 10 times. 

Modified: With an alternating pattern, clap then snap. Do this 10 times. 

Simplified: With an alternating pattern, hold your hands in the clap position, then position your fingers as if to snap. Repeat this 10 times.

18. Line tap

Original: Using just your pointer finger, tap across the width of your table in the shape of a line. Go back and forth 10 total times.

Modified: Using just your pointer finger, tap down the length of your table in the shape of a line. Go back and forth 10 times.

Simplified: Follow the edge of something on your floor (a tile, hardwood plank, large rug, etc.) to help you go in a straight line. Go back and forth 10 total times.

19. Pattern tap

Original: Using your thumb and your pinky fingers, tap in a 2-1 pattern. Tap your thumb on the table twice, followed by your pinky finger once. Try to keep your hand still and move just the fingers, bending at various knuckles as needed. Repeat this pattern 10 times.

Modified: Using your thumb and your pinky fingers, tap in an alternating pattern. Tap your thumb on the table once, followed by your pinky finger once. Try to keep your hand still and move just the fingers, bending at various knuckles as needed. Repeat this pattern 10 times.

Simplified: Using your pointer and middle fingers, tap in an alternating pattern. Tap your pointer finger on the table once, followed by your middle finger once. Repeat this pattern 10 times.

20. Whole hand tap

Original: Place your hand flat on the table. Bend your fingers slightly so that your wrist is just off the table, but your fingertips are still touching it. Starting with your thumb, lift just that finger off the table and tap the tip of it on the table. Be sure each of your other fingers is still making contact with the table as you do this. Repeat this same step with your pointer finger, then your middle finger, ring finger, and pinky finger. Once you complete this step with your pinky finger, start again and repeat 9 times for a total of 10 repetitions.

Modified: Place your hand flat on the table. Bend your fingers slightly so that your wrist is just off the table, but your fingertips are still touching it. Hold your wrist with your opposite hand. Starting with your thumb, lift just that finger off the table and tap the tip of it on the table. Be sure each of your other fingers is still making contact with the table as you do this. Repeat the same step with your pointer finger, then your middle finger, ring finger, and pinky finger. Once you complete this step with your pinky finger, start again and repeat 9 times for a total of 10 repetitions.

Simplified: Place your hand flat on the table. Bend your fingers slightly. Be sure that your fingertips are still touching the table and your wrist can still rest on the table. While keeping your fingers bent, slightly pick your hand off the table and gently bring it back to rest on the table as you tap all of your fingertips at the same time. Repeat 9 times for a total of 10 repetitions.

21. Letter trace

Original: Close your eyes. Choose a letter (uppercase or lowercase) and use your pointer finger to trace it on a flat surface. Trace it 9 more times for a total of 10 repetitions.

Modified: Choose a letter (uppercase or lowercase) and use your pointer finger to trace it on a flat surface. Trace it 9 more times for a total of 10 repetitions.

Simplified: Choose a letter (uppercase or lowercase) and use your pointer finger to trace it on a flat surface 3 times.

22. Number trace

Original: Close your eyes. Choose a number and use your pointer finger to trace it on a flat surface. Trace it 9 more times for a total of 10 repetitions.

Modified: Choose a number and use your pointer finger to trace it on a flat surface. Trace it 9 more times for a total of 10 repetitions.

Simplified: Choose a number and use your pointer finger to trace it on a flat surface 3 times.

23. Twist and turn

Original: Place your pointer finger and thumb together as if you are holding a key or a single piece of paper. Apply a slight amount of pressure as you pinch these fingers together, then rotate your wrist in a turning motion. Release your pinch, then start from the beginning and complete a total of 10 repetitions.

Modified: Place your pointer finger and thumb together as if you are holding a key or a single piece of paper. Rotate your wrist in a turning motion. Relax your fingers, then start from the beginning and complete a total of 10 repetitions.

Simplified: Place your pointer finger and thumb together as if you are holding a key or a single piece of paper. Rotate your wrist in a turning motion to the right, then to the left. Complete a total of 10 turning motions.

24. Palm massage

Original: Fold your fingers over so they are resting inward on your palm. Your thumb can remain in its natural position out to the side of your hand. Apply gentle pressure to your palm with your fingertips in 1-2 second pulses to create a massaging sensation. Repeat this for a total of 30 seconds on both hands at the same time.

Modified: Fold your fingers over so they are resting inward on your palm. Your thumb can remain in its natural position out to the side of your hand. Apply gentle pressure to your palm with your fingertips for 15 seconds. Relax your hand, then repeat these steps for another 15 seconds on both hands at the same time.

Simplified: Use the thumb of one hand to hold the palm of your other hand. Move your thumb in slow, gentle circles as you massage the palm for a total of 30 seconds. Switch hands and massage the other palm for 30 seconds.

25. Planting seeds

Original: Place your pointer finger and thumb together as if you are holding a tiny seed in between them. Bend over or lower your body to the ground as you release these fingers and “plant” the seed on the floor. Move over a few inches and pinch your fingers together again before you “plant” another seed. Repeat these steps for a total of 10 repetitions.

Modified: Place your pointer finger and thumb together as if you are holding a tiny seed in between them. Release these fingers and “plant” the seed on the floor. Pinch your fingers together again before you “plant” another seed. Repeat these steps for a total of 10 repetitions.

Simplified: Place your pointer finger and thumb together as if you are holding a tiny seed in between them. Bend over or lower your body to the ground and pretend you are planting the seed in the ground, but keep your fingers together after you “let the seed go.” Continue to hold your fingers together as you release a total of 10 seeds (around 10 seconds).

26. Countdown

Original: Curl your fingers in toward your palm as if you are about to use your hand to keep count. Count to five using your hand – slowly uncurl your thumb, then your pointer finger, then your middle finger, then your ring finger, then your pinky. Repeat this entire sequence for a total of 10 repetitions.

Modified: Curl your fingers in toward your palm as if you are about to use your hand to keep count. Count to five using your hand, but try to go as quickly as you can while still fully extending each finger as you go. Repeat this entire sequence for a total of 10 repetitions.

Simplified: Curl your fingers in toward your palm as if you are about to use your hand to keep count. Count to five using your hand – slowly uncurl your thumb, then your pointer finger, then your middle finger, then your ring finger, then your pinky. Repeat this entire sequence for a total of 5 repetitions.

27. Countdown fist sequence

Original: Curl your fingers in toward your palm as if you are about to use your hand to keep count. Count to five using your hand, but pause to make a fist in between each number. For example, start by uncurling your thumb, then bring it back inward and make a fist with some applied pressure. Then put up your thumb and pointer finger, then make another fist, and so on. Follow these steps to count to 5 a total of 10 times.

Modified: Curl your fingers in toward your palm as if you are about to use your hand to keep count. Count to five using your hand, but pause to make a fist in between each number. For example, start by uncurling your thumb, then bring it back inward and make a fist with some applied pressure. Then put up your thumb and pointer finger, then make another fist, and so on. Follow these steps to count to 5 a total of 3 times.

Simplified: Curl your fingers in toward your palm as if you are about to use your hand to keep count. Count to five using your hand, but pause to make a loose fist in between each number. For example, start by uncurling your thumb, then bring it back inward and gently curl all your fingers in toward your palm. Then put up your thumb and pointer finger, then make another loose fist, and so on. Follow these steps to count to 5 a total of 10 times.

28. Interlacing fingers

Original: Place your two hands together as if you are praying or giving yourself a high five. Move each finger slightly to the side so the fingers from each of your hands can interlock as if one hand is holding the other. Bring your fingers back up to assume the same starting position, then separate your hands entirely. Bring them back to the starting position and repeat these steps again for a total of 10 repetitions.

Modified: Place your two hands together as if you are praying or giving yourself a high five. Move each finger slightly to the side so the fingers from each of your hands can interlock as if one hand is holding the other. While keeping your palms in the same place, bring your fingers back up to assume the same starting position. Repeat this interlocking motion for a total of 10 repetitions. 

Simplified: Place your two hands together as if you are praying or giving yourself a high five. Move all of your fingers simultaneously to the opposite sides so they are at about a 45-degree angle from the starting position. Use one hand to clasp the other in one whole motion. Move your hands back to the starting position and repeat for a total of 10 repetitions.

29. Interlacing open and close

Original: Place your two hands together as if you are praying or giving yourself a high five. Move each finger slightly to the side so the fingers from each of your hands can interlock as if one hand is holding the other. While keeping your fingers interlocked, move your wrists out slightly as you turn your hands over so both palms are facing you. Bring your hands back to the starting position and repeat these steps for a total of 10 repetitions.

Modified: Place your two hands together as if you are praying or giving yourself a high five. Move each finger slightly to the side so the fingers from each of your hands can interlock as if one hand is holding the other. While keeping your fingers interlocked, move your wrists from side to side a total of 10 times.

Simplified: Place your two hands together as if you are praying or giving yourself a high five. Move each finger slightly to the side so the fingers from each of your hands can interlock as if one hand is holding the other. While keeping your fingers interlocked, squeeze them together, then relax, squeeze then relax. Repeat these steps for a total of 10 repetitions.

30. Thumb war

Original: Hook one thumb onto the other thumb. Apply gentle pressure as you attempt to separate them. Release, then repeat 10 times.

Modified: Hook one thumb onto the other thumb. Wrap one thumb fully around the other thumb so it makes a circle, and hold that thumb against the opposite palm. Release, then repeat 10 times.

Simplified: Hook one thumb onto the other thumb. Release, then repeat 10 times.

Conclusion

Fine motor skills are essential for every child to master basic tasks, but children with Autism and ADHD may find them more difficult. For these children, it’s a great idea to encourage regular fine motor activities that can help them hone their skills. Fine motor activities are a key part of the Soundsory® program, along with other activities such as primitive reflex integration exercises. Learn more about how Soundsory® can help boost your child’s neurodevelopment!

FAQs

What are 5 examples of fine motor skills?

Some common fine motor skills that are part of many people’s days are handwriting, brushing your teeth, typing on a computer, cutting with scissors, and zipping/unzipping your jacket.

What toys help develop fine motor skills?

Legos, beads, blocks, and Play-Doh are just a few examples of toys that help develop fine motor skills.

What improves fine motor skills?

Consistently practicing activities, exercises, and tasks that involve the use of the fingers (both together and separately) is known to improve fine motor skills.

Who struggles with fine motor skills?

Children may struggle with fine motor skills if they have autism, ADHD, or experience developmental delays that impact motor learning.

What kind of therapy helps with fine motor skills?

Occupational therapy is a rehabilitation discipline that helps people of all ages improve their fine motor skills, among other independent living skills. Occupational therapy can be provided in the home, in school, or in clinics within the community.

Does OT or PT help with fine motor skills?

Occupational therapy (OT) is more known for addressing fine motor skills. Physical therapy (PT) addresses larger movements, called gross motor skills, which are also important for a child’s development.

What games are good for fine motor skills?

Games like Jenga, Connect 4, Operation, and similar board games are all great for building fine motor skills.

Do Legos help fine motor skills?

Yes, Legos can help improve fine motor skills, as they require dexterity and strength for stacking, inserting, and removing blocks from one another to build various designs.

What are the big 6 fine motor skills?

The most critical components of fine motor skills include grasping, pointing, placing, releasing, reaching, and touching.

References 

1. Kaur, M., M. Srinivasan, S., & N. Bhat, A. (2018). Comparing motor performance, praxis, coordination, and interpersonal synchrony between children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Research in Developmental Disabilities, 72, 79–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2017.10.025 
2. Hyde, C., Sciberras, E., Efron, D., Fuelscher, I., & Silk, T. (2020). Reduced fine motor competence in children with ADHD is associated with atypical microstructural organization within the superior longitudinal fasciculus. Brain Imaging and Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-020-00280-z